And & But Keywords in Cucumber Framework
- In Cucumber, the And and But keywords are used to improve the readability of test scenarios by avoiding repetitive Given, When, or Then statements. These keywords help structure multiple conditions within a scenario.
1️⃣ And Keyword
The And keyword is used to add additional/Positive conditions to a Given, When, or Then step.
Example 1: Using "And" in Given, When, and Then
Feature: Login Functionality
Scenario: Successful Login
Given the user is on the login page
And the user has a valid username and password
When the user enters the credentials
And clicks on the login button
Then the user should be redirected to the homepage
And a welcome message should be displayed
2️⃣ But Keyword
The But keyword is used to specify a negative condition (something that should not happen).
Example 2: Using "But" for Negative Condition
Feature: Login Functionality
Scenario: Unsuccessful Login with Incorrect Password
Given the user is on the login page
When the user enters a valid username
But enters an incorrect password
Then the system should display an "Invalid credentials" message
And the user should not be logged in
Conclusion
And is used to add multiple positive conditions.
But is used to add negative conditions.
Both improve readability and make scenarios more business-friendly.
