2. ls -al -------------------------->Formatted listing with hidden files
3. ls -lt -------------------------->Sorting the Formatted listing by time modification
4. cd dir -------------------------->Change directory to dir
5. cd -------------------------->Change to home directory
6. pwd -------------------------->Show current working directory
7. mkdir dir -------------------------->Creating a directory dir--------
8. cat >file --------------------------> Places the standard input into the file
9. more file -------------------------->Output the contents of the file
10. head file -------------------------->Output the first 10 lines of the file
11. tail file -------------------------->Output the last 10 lines of the file
12. tail -f file -------------------------->Output the contents of file as it grows,starting with the last 10 lines
13. touch file -------------------------->Create or update file
14. rm file -------------------------->Deleting the file
15. rm -r dir--------------------------> Deleting the directory
16. rm -f file -------------------------->Force to remove the file
17. rm -rf dir -------------------------->Force to remove the directory dir
18. cp file1 file2 -------------------------->Copy the contents of file1 to file2
19. cp -r dir1 dir2 -------------------------->Copy dir1 to dir2;create dir2 if not present
20. mv file1 file2 -------------------------->Rename or move file1 to file2,if file2 is an existing directory
21. ln -s file link -------------------------->Create symbolic link link to file
22. rename -----------------------> rename 's/old-name/new-name/' files ---------->rename 's/\.txt$/\.pdf/' *.txt
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Process management
Process management
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1. ps -------------------------->To display the currently working processes
2. top -------------------------->Display all running process Unix/Linux Command Reference
3. kill pid--------------------------> Kill the process with given pid
4. killall proc -------------------------->Kill all the process named proc
5. pkill pattern -------------------------->Will kill all processes matching the pattern
6. bg -------------------------->List stopped or background jobs,resume a stopped job in the background
7. fg -------------------------->Brings the most recent job to foreground
8. fg n -------------------------->Brings job n to the foreground
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File permission
1. ps -------------------------->To display the currently working processes
2. top -------------------------->Display all running process Unix/Linux Command Reference
3. kill pid--------------------------> Kill the process with given pid
4. killall proc -------------------------->Kill all the process named proc
5. pkill pattern -------------------------->Will kill all processes matching the pattern
6. bg -------------------------->List stopped or background jobs,resume a stopped job in the background
7. fg -------------------------->Brings the most recent job to foreground
8. fg n -------------------------->Brings job n to the foreground
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File permission
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1. chmod -------------------------->octal file Change the permission of file to octal,which can
be found separately for user,group,world by
adding,
• 4-read(r)
• 2-write(w)
• 1-execute(x)
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Searching
1. chmod -------------------------->octal file Change the permission of file to octal,which can
be found separately for user,group,world by
adding,
• 4-read(r)
• 2-write(w)
• 1-execute(x)
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Searching
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1. grep pattern file -------------------------->Search for pattern in file
2. grep -r pattern dir -------------------------->Search recursively for pattern in dir
3. command | grep pattern -------------------------->Search pattern in the output of a command
4. locate file -------------------------->Find all instances of file
5. find . --------------------------> -name filename Searches in the current directory (represented by a period) and below it, for files and directories with names starting with filename
6. pgrep pattern -------------------------->Searches for all the named processes , that matches with the pattern and, by default, returns their ID
7.cat <fileName> | cat or tac | cat or tac |. . .
8.cut -d(delimiter) -f(columnNumber) <fileName>
9.command | sed 's/<oldWord>/<newWord>/'
10.command | tr <'old'> <'new'>
1. grep pattern file -------------------------->Search for pattern in file
2. grep -r pattern dir -------------------------->Search recursively for pattern in dir
3. command | grep pattern -------------------------->Search pattern in the output of a command
4. locate file -------------------------->Find all instances of file
5. find . --------------------------> -name filename Searches in the current directory (represented by a period) and below it, for files and directories with names starting with filename
6. pgrep pattern -------------------------->Searches for all the named processes , that matches with the pattern and, by default, returns their ID
7.cat <fileName> | cat or tac | cat or tac |. . .
8.cut -d(delimiter) -f(columnNumber) <fileName>
9.command | sed 's/<oldWord>/<newWord>/'
10.command | tr <'old'> <'new'>
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System Info
System Info
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1. date -------------------------->Show the current date and time
2. cal -------------------------->Show this month's calender
3. uptime--------------------------> Show current uptime
4. w -------------------------->Display who is on line
5. whoami -------------------------->Who you are logged in as
6. finger user -------------------------->Display information about user
7. uname -a -------------------------->Show kernel information
8. cat /proc/cpuinfo -------------------------->Cpu information
9. cat proc/meminfo -------------------------->Memory information
10. man command -------------------------->Show the manual for command
11. df -------------------------->Show the disk usage
12. du -------------------------->Show directory space usage
13. free -------------------------->Show memory and swap usage
14. whereis app -------------------------->Show possible locations of app
15. which app -------------------------->Show which applications will be run by default
16.Password change --------------------------> passwd <username> --------------------------> sudo passwd hari
1. date -------------------------->Show the current date and time
2. cal -------------------------->Show this month's calender
3. uptime--------------------------> Show current uptime
4. w -------------------------->Display who is on line
5. whoami -------------------------->Who you are logged in as
6. finger user -------------------------->Display information about user
7. uname -a -------------------------->Show kernel information
8. cat /proc/cpuinfo -------------------------->Cpu information
9. cat proc/meminfo -------------------------->Memory information
10. man command -------------------------->Show the manual for command
11. df -------------------------->Show the disk usage
12. du -------------------------->Show directory space usage
13. free -------------------------->Show memory and swap usage
14. whereis app -------------------------->Show possible locations of app
15. which app -------------------------->Show which applications will be run by default
16.Password change --------------------------> passwd <username> --------------------------> sudo passwd hari
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Compression
Compression
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1. tar cf file.tar file --------------------------> Create tar named file.tar containing file
2. tar xf file.tar -------------------------->Extract the files from file.tar
3. tar czf file.tar.gz files -------------------------->Create a tar with Gzip compression
4. tar xzf file.tar.gz -------------------------->Extract a tar using Gzip
5. tar cjf file.tar.bz2 -------------------------->Create tar with Bzip2 compression
6. tar xjf file.tar.bz2 -------------------------->Extract a tar using Bzip2
7. gzip file --------------------------> Compresses file and renames it to file.gz
8. gzip -d file.gz -------------------------->Decompresses file.gz back to file
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Network
1. tar cf file.tar file --------------------------> Create tar named file.tar containing file
2. tar xf file.tar -------------------------->Extract the files from file.tar
3. tar czf file.tar.gz files -------------------------->Create a tar with Gzip compression
4. tar xzf file.tar.gz -------------------------->Extract a tar using Gzip
5. tar cjf file.tar.bz2 -------------------------->Create tar with Bzip2 compression
6. tar xjf file.tar.bz2 -------------------------->Extract a tar using Bzip2
7. gzip file --------------------------> Compresses file and renames it to file.gz
8. gzip -d file.gz -------------------------->Decompresses file.gz back to file
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Network
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1. ping host -------------------------->Ping host and output results
2. whois domain -------------------------->Get whois information for domains
3. dig domain -------------------------->Get DNS information for domain
4. dig -x host -------------------------->Reverse lookup host
5. wget file -------------------------->Download file
6. wget -c file -------------------------->Continue a stopped download
1. ping host -------------------------->Ping host and output results
2. whois domain -------------------------->Get whois information for domains
3. dig domain -------------------------->Get DNS information for domain
4. dig -x host -------------------------->Reverse lookup host
5. wget file -------------------------->Download file
6. wget -c file -------------------------->Continue a stopped download
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Shortcuts
Shortcuts
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. ctrl+c--------------------------> Halts the current command
2. ctrl+z -------------------------->Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
3. ctrl+d -------------------------->Logout the current session, similar to exit
4. ctrl+w -------------------------->Erases one word in the current line
5. ctrl+u -------------------------->Erases the whole line
6. ctrl+r T-------------------------->ype to bring up a recent command
7. !! -------------------------->Repeats the last command
8. exit--------------------------> Logout the current session
1. ctrl+c--------------------------> Halts the current command
2. ctrl+z -------------------------->Stops the current command, resume with fg in the foreground or bg in the background
3. ctrl+d -------------------------->Logout the current session, similar to exit
4. ctrl+w -------------------------->Erases one word in the current line
5. ctrl+u -------------------------->Erases the whole line
6. ctrl+r T-------------------------->ype to bring up a recent command
7. !! -------------------------->Repeats the last command
8. exit--------------------------> Logout the current session
